Ginkgo Trees: Tough, Ancient—and Full of Surprises

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) looks unlike almost every other shade tree. Its fan-shaped leaves turn a clear yellow in fall, sometimes dropping within a remarkably short period. It also carries a history stretching far deeper than the modern landscape.

Why people choose it

Once established, ginkgo is known for tolerating many difficult urban conditions. It can handle compacted settings, heat and a broad soil reaction better than many sensitive species, provided drainage is reasonable. Young trees still need normal establishment watering and root care.

The seedling surprise

Ginkgo has separate male and female trees. Female trees can eventually produce fleshy seeds with a strong odor when they fall. A seed-grown tree cannot be confidently sold as male merely because it has not produced fruit; sex may remain unknown for years.

That uncertainty is not a problem on every property. In a broad lawn, collection or naturalized area, a female can be interesting. Directly above a sidewalk, patio or parking space, it may be less welcome. Buyers who require a guaranteed male tree should select a named male clone rather than an unsexed seedling.

Plant for permanence

• Choose a sunny, well-drained location.
• Keep the root flare visible at soil level.
• Water deeply during establishment.
• Allow room for a long-lived shade tree.
• Avoid unnecessary staking or remove supports after establishment.

Ginkgo is not native to the eastern United States, so it should not replace native species in an ecological restoration. It is best considered a durable specimen or urban landscape tree.

See our Ginkgo trees.

Further reading: Penn State Extension on ginkgo fruit.